Vol. 3A 1-9
ABOUT THIS MANUAL
1.3.7 Exceptions
An exception is an event that typically occurs when an instruction causes an error. For example, an attempt to
divide by zero generates an exception. However, some exceptions, such as breakpoints, occur under other condi-
tions. Some types of exceptions may provide error codes. An error code reports additional information about the
error. An example of the notation used to show an exception and error code is shown below:
#PF(fault code)
This example refers to a page-fault exception under conditions where an error code naming a type of fault is
reported. Under some conditions, exceptions which produce error codes may not be able to report an accurate
code. In this case, the error code is zero, as shown below for a general-protection exception:
#GP(0)
1.4 RELATED
LITERATURE
Literature related to Intel 64 and IA-32 processors is listed and viewable on-line at:
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/architectures-software-developer-manuals.html
See also:
•
The data sheet for a particular Intel 64 or IA-32 processor
•
The specification update for a particular Intel 64 or IA-32 processor
•
C++ Compiler documentation and online help:
http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-compilers/
•
Fortran Compiler documentation and online help:
http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-compilers/
•
Software Development Tools:
http://www.intel.com/cd/software/products/asmo-na/eng/index.htm
•
64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual (in three or seven volumes):
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/architectures-software-developer-manuals.html
•
64 and IA-32 Architectures Optimization Reference Manual:
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/64-ia-32-architectures-optimization-
manual.html
•
Intel 64 Architecture x2APIC Specification:
•
Intel
®
Trusted Execution Technology Measured Launched Environment Programming Guide:
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/software-developers/intel-txt-software-development-guide.html
•
Developing Multi-threaded Applications: A Platform Consistent Approach:
•
®
Pentium
®
4 Processor and Intel
®
Xeon
®
Processor:
http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/ap949-using-spin-loops-on-intel-pentiumr-4-processor-and-intel-
xeonr-processor/
•
Performance Monitoring Unit Sharing Guide
http://software.intel.com/file/30388
Literature related to selected features in future Intel processors are available at:
•
Intel
®
Architecture Instruction Set Extensions Programming Reference
https://software.intel.com/en-us/isa-extensions
•
Intel
®
Software Guard Extensions (Intel
®
SGX) Programming Reference